Sri Lanka, often referred to as the “Gem Island,” has a rich history in the gemstone trade that spans over 2,500 years. Renowned worldwide for its diverse and high-quality gem deposits, Sri Lanka is one of the top sources of precious gemstones, particularly sapphires. The island’s unique geological conditions contribute to the formation of a wide variety of gems, making it a leading player in the global gem industry. The Sri Lankan gem industry is deeply rooted in the country’s history, with ancient records mentioning the island’s wealth in gemstones. Sri Lankan sapphires, particularly the vibrant blue sapphires, have been sought after by royalty and collectors for centuries. The island’s central highlands, particularly the Ratnapura district—aptly named “City of Gems”—are the epicenter of gem mining in Sri Lanka. The region’s alluvial deposits are rich in sapphires, rubies, spinels, and many other precious stones. Sustainability and Ethical Mining In Sri Lanka, gem mining is often done by small-scale miners using traditional methods. The industry is closely regulated to ensure sustainable practices and to protect the environment. This commitment to ethical mining practices has positioned Sri Lanka as a leader in responsible gemstone sourcing. The government’s focus on maintaining the integrity of the industry ensures that Sri Lankan gems are not only beautiful but also mined with respect for people and the planet.